Static shocks build up when two different materials rub together and then suddenly discharge.

The longer version

A static shock is the sudden equalising of charge that has built up on a surface. Friction between two unlike materials moves electrons from one to the other, and because both are poor conductors the imbalance stays where it is. Walking across a carpet can pile up a surprisingly large amount.

The release happens when a conductive path appears, often a fingertip near a metal handle. Charge jumps the last gap through the air, heating it briefly and producing the spark and snap. Dry winter air allows bigger build-ups, since moisture would otherwise drain the charge away quietly.

Where this entry sits

Everyday physics and chemistry hide small wonders in plain sight, from kitchen reactions to the light in the sky. These short facts explain matter, energy, electricity, magnets, sound, and the simple units we use to measure the world. The full list sits on the Science and Physics page, where every entry is listed in order.